Multifractality of wave functions on a Cayley tree: From root to leaves

TL;DR

This paper investigates how wave functions on a Cayley tree exhibit multifractal behavior that varies with position and disorder strength, combining analytical and numerical methods to understand localization phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a position-dependent multifractal spectrum for wave functions on Cayley trees and provides analytical results for large orbital models supported by numerical simulations.

Findings

Wave-function moments scale multifractally with system size.

The multifractal spectrum varies linearly with the position parameter s.

Disorder induces a transition from delocalized to localized states.

Abstract

We explore the evolution of wave-function statistics on a finite Bethe lattice (Cayley tree) from the central site ("root") to the boundary ("leaves"). We show that the eigenfunction moments $P_q=N \left<|\psi|^{2q}(i)\right>$ exhibit a multifractal scaling $P_q\propto N^{-\tau_q}$ with the volume (number of sites) $N$ at $N\to\infty$. The multifractality spectrum $\tau_q$ depends on the strength of disorder and on the parameter $s$ characterizing the position of the observation point $i$ on the lattice. Specifically, $s= r/R$, where $r$ is the distance from the observation point to the root, and $R$ is the "radius" of the lattice. We demonstrate that the exponents $\tau_q$ depend linearly on $s$ and determine the evolution of the spectrum with increasing disorder, from delocalized to the localized phase. Analytical results are obtained for the $n$-orbital model with $n \gg 1$ that can be mapped onto a supersymmetric $\sigma$ model. These results are supported by numerical simulations (exact diagonalization) of the conventional ($n=1$) Anderson tight-binding model.