Role of pinning mechanism in co-precipitation derived cobalt rich, cobalt ferrite nanoparticles

TL;DR

This study investigates how the pinning mechanism affects the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized via co-precipitation, highlighting the role of hydroxide nanophase flux pinning in controlling coercivity.

Contribution

It reveals the influence of precursor ratio and annealing on magnetic properties and identifies hydroxide nanophase flux pinning as a key factor, offering insights for developing high-coercivity ferrites.

Findings

Optimal precursor ratio (1.05:2) yields high coercivity.

Annealing reduces coercivity initially but improves marginally with time.

Hydroxide nanophase flux pinning influences magnetic behavior.

Abstract

Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles have been synthesized using a co-precipitation approach. Co:Fe precursor ratio is varied over a certain window (1.05 to 1.2). It is observed that the 1.15:2 precursor ratio gives better phase control but poor coercivity. On the other hand, 1.05:2 precursor ratio results in substantially better coercivity values (274kA/m; almost 300% the value reported for co-precipitated cobalt ferrite by Praveena et al.), but moderate BH product maximum (2.25 kJ/m3; ~ comparable to many reports on cobalt ferrite nanoparticles so far). The nanoparticles with best coercivity are annealed at 873K for varying durations (2, 4, 6, 12 hrs). It is observed that the coercivity drops drastically (almost by 80%) after annealing for 2 hours. However thereafter coercivity and saturation magnetization improves marginally with increasing duration of annealing. These studies, along with thermogravimetric analysis, and infrared spectroscopic results indicate that a hydroxide nanophase based flux pinning mechanism at the grain boundary plays an important role in explaining the observed magnetic property trends. It is believed that this result will be generically helpful in developing soft chemically derived ferrites with higher coercivity and moderate (BH)max. However to develop plausible applications using the reported ferrites that use nanophase flux pinning, soft materials and device processing methods will need to be explored.