The HelMod Monte Carlo Model for the Propagation of Cosmic Rays in Heliosphere

TL;DR

The HelMod Monte Carlo model simulates cosmic ray propagation through the heliosphere, accurately reproducing observed fluxes and accounting for solar activity effects using a 2-D approach.

Contribution

It introduces a 2-D Monte Carlo model that incorporates detailed diffusion tensor components and drift effects, improving cosmic ray modulation predictions.

Findings

Successfully fits observational data across different solar activity periods.

Provides flux predictions for protons, antiprotons, and helium nuclei over solar cycle 23-24.

Enhances understanding of polar heliosphere regions.

Abstract

The heliospheric modulation model HelMod solve the transport-equation for the Galactic Cosmic Rays propagation through the heliosphere down to Earth. It is based on a 2-D Monte Carlo approach, that includes a general description of the symmetric and antisymmetric parts of the diffusion tensor, thus, properly treating the particle drift effects as well as convection within the solar wind and adiabatic energy loss. The model was tuned in order to fit 1) the data observed outside the ecliptic plane at several distances from the Earth and 2) the spectra observed near the Earth for both, high and low solar activity periods. Great importance was given to description of polar regions of the heliosphere. We present the flux for protons, antiprotons and helium nuclei computed along the solar cycle 23-24 in comparison with experimental observations and prediction for the full solar cycle 24.