A Review of Internet of Things Architecture, Technologies and Analysis Smartphone-based Attacks Against 3D printers

TL;DR

This paper reviews IoT architecture and technologies, focusing on security challenges, especially smartphone-based side channel attacks on 3D printers, and discusses potential countermeasures including encryption and machine learning.

Contribution

It highlights the security vulnerabilities of 3D printers in IoT environments and demonstrates the feasibility of smartphone-based side channel attacks with real case studies.

Findings

Smartphones can successfully reconstruct G-code files from 3D printers using side channel attacks.

Thermal cameras aid in analyzing physical side channel information.

Enhanced security strategies are necessary to protect IoT-enabled 3D printing systems.

Abstract

Human beings cannot be happy with any kind of tiredness based work, so they focused on machines to work on behalf of humans. The Internet-based latest technology provides the platforms for human beings to relax and unburden feeling. The Internet of Things (IoT) field efficiently helps human beings with smart decisions through Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication all over the world. It has been difficult to ignore the importance of the IoT field with the new development of applications such as a smartphone in the present era. The IoT field sensor plays a vital role in sensing the intelligent object/things and making an intelligent decision after sensing the objects. The rapid development of new applications using smartphones in the world caused all users of the IoT community to be faced with one major challenge of security in the form of side channel attacks against highly intensive 3D printing systems. The smartphone formulated Intellectual property (IP) of side channel attacks investigate against 3D printer in the physical domain through reconstructed G-code file through primitive operations. The smartphone (Nexus 5) solved the main problems such as orientation fixing, model accuracy of frame size and validate the feasibility and effectiveness in real case studies against the 3D printer. The 3D printing estimated value reached 20.2 billion of dollars in 2021. The thermal camera is used for exploring the side channel attacks after reconstructing the objects against 3D printers. The researcher analyzed IoT security relevant issues which were avoided in future by enhanced strong security mechanism strategy, encryption, and machine learning-based algorithms, latest technologies, schemes and protocols utilized in an efficient way. Keywords: - Internet of Things (IoT), Machine-to-Machine (M2M), Security, 3D printer, smartphone