Chimera patterns in conservative systems and ultracold atoms with mediated nonlocal hopping

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the first observation of chimera patterns in conservative Hamiltonian systems with nonlocal hopping, using ultracold atomic systems, expanding understanding beyond non-conservative models.

Contribution

It introduces a new class of conservative systems exhibiting chimera patterns and proposes a feasible experimental setup with ultracold atoms to observe these phenomena.

Findings

Chimera patterns can form in conservative Hamiltonian systems.

Effective nonlocality can be achieved with local coupling and multiple time scales.

Ultracold atomic systems can realize nonlocal hopping and observe chimera patterns.

Abstract

Experimental realizations of chimera patterns, characterized by coexisting regions of phase coherence and incoherence, have so far only been achieved for non-conservative systems with dissipation. Moreover, theoretical studies of chimera patterns have also been limited either to the non-conservative case or to simplified models that describe the dynamics only in terms of a scalar phase field. Here, we show for the first time explicitly that the formation of chimera patterns can also be observed in conservative Hamiltonian systems with nonlocal hopping in which both energy and particle number are conserved, and where the local phase and amplitude are non-separable even in the weak coupling regime. Effective nonlocality can be realized in a physical system with only local coupling if different time scales exist, which we illustrate by a minimal conservative model with an additional mediating channel. Finally, we show that chimera patterns should be observable in ultracold atomic systems: Nonlocal spatial hopping over up to tens of lattice sites with independently tunable hopping strength and on-site nonlinearity can be implemented in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate with a spin-dependent optical lattice, where the untrapped component serves as the matter-wave mediating field.