Structured star formation in the Magellanic inter-Cloud region

TL;DR

This study maps young stellar populations in the Magellanic inter-Cloud region, revealing their clustered distribution, formation in situ due to gas compression, and evidence of feedback-driven star formation in a shell structure.

Contribution

First detailed survey of young stars in the Magellanic inter-Cloud region showing their spatial distribution, properties, and formation mechanisms.

Findings

Young stars are strongly clustered along dense HI gas

Associations formed in situ during recent LMC-SMC encounter

Identification of a shell of young stars linked to stellar feedback

Abstract

We use a new contiguous imaging survey conducted using the Dark Energy Camera to investigate the distribution and properties of young stellar populations in the Magellanic inter-Cloud region. These young stars are strongly spatially clustered, forming a narrow chain of low-mass associations that trace the densest HI gas in the Magellanic Bridge and extend, in projection, from the SMC to the outer disk of the LMC. The associations in our survey footprint have ages $\lesssim 30$ Myr, masses in the range $\sim 100-1200\,{\rm M}_\odot$, and very diffuse structures with half-light radii of up to $\sim 100$ pc. The two most populous are strongly elliptical, and aligned to $\approx 10^{{\rm o}}$ with the axis joining the centres of the LMC and SMC. These observations strongly suggest that the young inter-Cloud populations formed in situ, likely due to the compression of gas stripped during the most recent close LMC-SMC encounter. The associations lie at distances intermediate between the two Clouds, and we find no evidence for a substantial distance gradient across the imaged area. Finally, we identify a vast shell of young stars surrounding a central association, that is spatially coincident with a low column density bubble in the HI distribution. The properties of this structure are consistent with a scenario where stellar winds and supernova explosions from massive stars in the central cluster swept up the ambient gas into a shell, triggering a new burst of star formation. This is a prime location for studying stellar feedback in a relatively isolated environment.