Super-spinning compact objects and models of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations observed in Galactic microquasars. II. Forced resonances

TL;DR

This paper investigates high-frequency QPO models in microquasars assuming super-spinning compact objects with spin parameter greater than one, analyzing resonance behaviors and their implications for such extreme objects.

Contribution

It extends previous resonance models to the super-spinning regime, identifying unique and multiple resonance radii and their frequency behaviors near the extremal spin limit.

Findings

Five models show a unique QPO excitation radius with a single maximum near a>1.

All models are compatible with a super-spinning compact object scenario.

Resonance behaviors differ between models with single and multiple radii.

Abstract

In our previous work (Paper I) we applied several models of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HF QPOs) to estimate the spin of the central compact object in three Galactic microquasars assuming the possibility that the central compact body is a super-spinning object (or a naked singularity) with external spacetime described by Kerr geometry with a dimensionless spin parameter $a\equiv cJ/GM^2>1$. Here we extend our consideration, and in a consistent way investigate implications of a set of ten resonance models so far discussed only in the context of $a<1$. The same physical arguments as in Paper I are applied to these models, i.e. only a small deviation of the spin estimate from $a=1$, $a\gtrsim 1$, is assumed for a favoured model. For five of these models that involve Keplerian and radial epicyclic oscillations we find the existence of a unique specific QPO excitation radius. Consequently, there is a simple behaviour of dimensionless frequency $M\times\nu_{U}(a)$ represented by a single continuous function having solely one maximum close to $a\gtrsim1$. Only one of these models is compatible with the expectation of $a\gtrsim 1$. The other five models that involve the radial and vertical epicyclic oscillations imply the existence of multiple resonant radii. This signifies a more complicated behaviour of $M\times\nu_{U}(a)$ that cannot be represented by single functions. Each of these five models is compatible with the expectation of $a\gtrsim 1$.