Security for 4G and 5G Cellular Networks: A Survey of Existing Authentication and Privacy-preserving Schemes
Mohamed Amine Ferrag, Leandros Maglaras, Antonios Argyriou, Dimitrios, Kosmanos, Helge Janicke

TL;DR
This survey comprehensively reviews existing authentication and privacy-preserving schemes for 4G and 5G networks, categorizing threat models, countermeasures, and schemes, and providing insights for future research directions.
Contribution
It offers a detailed classification, comparison, and analysis of authentication and privacy schemes for 4G and 5G, filling gaps in current literature.
Findings
Classification of threat models and countermeasures.
Seven types of authentication schemes analyzed.
Recommendations for future research provided.
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive survey of existing authentication and privacy-preserving schemes for 4G and 5G cellular networks. We start by providing an overview of existing surveys that deal with 4G and 5G communications, applications, standardization, and security. Then, we give a classification of threat models in 4G and 5G cellular networks in four categories, including, attacks against privacy, attacks against integrity, attacks against availability, and attacks against authentication. We also provide a classification of countermeasures into three types of categories, including, cryptography methods, humans factors, and intrusion detection methods. The countermeasures and informal and formal security analysis techniques used by the authentication and privacy preserving schemes are summarized in form of tables. Based on the categorization of the authentication and privacy…
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