Algebraic Independence of generic Painlev\'e Transcendents: P_III and P_VI

TL;DR

This paper proves the algebraic independence of solutions to generic Painlevé equations of types III and VI, confirming a conjecture and advancing understanding of Painlevé transcendents in differential algebra.

Contribution

It establishes the algebraic independence of solutions to generic Painlevé III and VI equations, solving a longstanding conjecture in the field.

Findings

Solutions to generic Painlevé III and VI are algebraically independent over C(t).

Any three solutions of a Riccati equation are algebraically independent if no solutions are algebraic over C(t).

The results improve previous weaker bounds and fully prove the algebraic independence conjecture.

Abstract

We prove that if y"=f(y,y',t) is a generic Painlev\'e equation from the class III and VI, and if y_1,...,y_n are distinct solutions, then y_1,y_1',...,y_n,y_n' are algebraically independent over C(t). This improves the weaker results obtained by the author and Pillay and completely prove the algebraic independence conjecture for the generic Painlev\'e transcendents. In the process, we also prove that any three distinct solutions of a Riccati equation are algebraic independent over C(t), provided that there are no solutions in the algebraic closure of C(t). This answers a very natural question in the theory.