The upside of noise: engineered dissipation as a resource in superconducting circuits

TL;DR

This paper reviews how engineered dissipation, traditionally viewed as noise, can be harnessed as a resource in superconducting circuits for quantum state control, error correction, and simulation.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of engineered dissipation applications in superconducting circuits, highlighting its benefits for quantum error correction and state stabilization.

Findings

Engineered dissipation can reduce logical error rates.

Dissipation mechanisms can suppress dephasing.

Applications extend to quantum simulation.

Abstract

Historically, noise in superconducting circuits has been considered an obstacle to be removed. A large fraction of the research effort in designing superconducting circuits has focused on noise reduction, with great success, as coherence times have increased by four orders of magnitude in the past two decades. However, noise and dissipation can never be fully eliminated, and further, a rapidly growing body of theoretical and experimental work has shown that carefully tuned noise, in the form of engineered dissipation, can be a profoundly useful tool in designing and operating quantum circuits. In this article, I review important applications of engineered dissipation, including state generation, state stabilization, and autonomous quantum error correction, where engineered dissipation can mitigate the effect of intrinsic noise, reducing logical error rates in quantum information processing. Further, I provide a pedagogical review of the basic noise processes in superconducting qubits (photon loss and phase noise), and argue that any dissipative mechanism which can correct photon loss errors is very likely to automatically suppress dephasing. I also discuss applications for quantum simulation, and possible future research directions.