Observational Evidence of a Flux Rope within a Sunspot Umbra

TL;DR

This paper presents observational evidence of a flux rope within a sunspot umbra, characterized by unique magnetic and velocity features, suggesting a complex magnetic structure influencing sunspot morphology.

Contribution

The study provides the first detailed observational evidence of a flux rope within a sunspot umbra, highlighting its magnetic configuration and dynamic behavior.

Findings

Flux rope observed inside sunspot umbra with 5-day lifetime.

Magnetic field strength of about 2000 G in the flux rope.

Presence of upward and downward plasma motions along the structure.

Abstract

We observed an elongated filamentary bright structure inside the umbra of the big sunspot in active region NOAA 12529, which differs from the light bridges usually observed in sunspots for its morphology, magnetic configuration, and velocity field. We used observations taken with the Solar Dynamic Observatory satellite to characterize this feature. Its lifetime is 5 days, during which it reaches a maximum length of about 30". In the maps of the vertical component of the photospheric magnetic field, a portion of the feature has a polarity opposite to that of the hosting sunspot. At the same time, in the entire feature the horizontal component of the magnetic field is about 2000 G, substantially stronger than in the surrounding penumbral filaments. Doppler velocity maps reveal the presence of both upward and downward plasma motions along the structure at the photospheric level. Moreover, looking at the chromospheric level, we noted that it is located in a region corresponding to the edge of a small filament which seems rooted in the sunspot umbra. Therefore, we interpreted the bright structure as the photospheric counterpart of a flux rope touching the sunspot and giving rise to penumbral-like filaments in the umbra.