Direct nonlinear Fourier transform algorithms for the computation of solitonic spectra in focusing nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation

TL;DR

This paper introduces new algorithms for computing solitonic spectra in the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation, combining contour integral methods and iterative refinement to improve accuracy and efficiency.

Contribution

The paper presents a hybrid algorithm that integrates contour integral techniques with iterative methods for enhanced eigenvalue computation in nonlinear Fourier transforms.

Findings

Hybrid method improves convergence speed.

Accurate eigenvalue and norming constant computation.

Validated across multiple test profiles.

Abstract

Starting from a comparison of some established numerical algorithms for the computation of the eigenvalues (discrete or solitonic spectrum) of the non-Hermitian version of the Zakharov-Shabat spectral problem, this article delivers new algorithms that combine the best features of the existing ones and thereby allays their relative weaknesses. Our algorithm is modelled within the remit of the so-called direct nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT) associated with the focusing nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. First, we present the data for the calibration of methods comparing the relative errors associated with the computation of the continuous NF spectrum. Then each method is paired with different numerical algorithms for finding zeros of a complex-valued function to obtain the eigenvalues. Next we describe a new class of methods based on the contour integrals evaluation for the efficient search of eigenvalues. After that, we introduce a new hybrid method, one of our main results: the method combines the advances of contour integral approach and makes use of the iterative algorithms at its second stage for the refined eigenvalues search. The veracity of our new hybrid algorithm is established by estimating the convergence speed and accuracy across three independent test profiles. Along with the development of a new approach for the computation of the eigenvalues, our study also addresses the problem of computation of the so-called norming constants associated with the eigenvalues. We show that our formalism effectively amounts to accurate and fast enough computation of residues of the reflection coefficient in the upper complex half-plane of the spectral parameter.