Rigorous analysis of Casimir and van der Waals forces on a silicon nano-optomechanical device actuated by optical forces

TL;DR

This paper provides a rigorous analysis of dispersion and optical forces on a silicon nano-optomechanical device, demonstrating how to control device deflection and prevent collapse by considering nonlinear mechanical effects and force interactions.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive model combining Lifshitz theory and nonlinear mechanics validated by simulations to analyze force effects on nano-optomechanical devices.

Findings

Dispersion forces can cause device pull-in, but optical forces can be used to control deflection.

Geometric nonlinearity can mitigate or avoid device collapse.

Design conditions can be optimized to achieve no pull-in solely through optical force control.

Abstract

In this article, we rigorously analyze the effects of the dispersion forces (Casimir and van der Waals forces) on a nano-optomechanical device based on a silicon waveguide and a silicon dioxide substrate, surrounded by air and driven by optical forces. The dispersion forces are calculated using a modified Lifshitz theory, in order to take into account the device thickness and material s dielectric permittivities, which are obtained from experimental optical data and validated by means of a rigorous 3D FDTD simulation. We also take into account the mechanical nonlinearity of the waveguide, which is caused by its large deflection relative to its thickness, due to the nanoscale device dimensions. The nonlinear mechanical analytical model is also validated using a 3D FEM simulation. Our results show that, under appropriate design conditions, it is possible to attain a no pull in critical point due only to the optical force; therefore, in principle, it would be possible to control the device total deflection just by controlling the optical power. However, the dispersion forces usually impose a pull in critical point to the device and establish a minimal initial gap between the waveguide and the substrate. Furthermore, we show that the geometric nonlinearity effect may be exploited in order to avoid or minimize the pull in and, therefore, the device collapse.