First transneptunian object in polar resonance with Neptune

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery of the first nearly-polar transneptunian object, Niku, in a 7:9 resonance with Neptune, highlighting a new dynamical state and temporary resonance protection mechanism in the Solar System.

Contribution

It identifies the first nearly-polar transneptunian object in resonance with Neptune, expanding understanding of orbital dynamics in the outer Solar System.

Findings

Niku is in a 7:9 resonance with Neptune.

Resonance provides temporary protection against close encounters.

Other nearly polar objects are likely not in resonance.

Abstract

Capture in mean motion resonance has been observed in the Solar System for small objects with prograde as well as retrograde orbits of moderate inclinations. However, no example of an object with a nearly polar orbit was known to be in resonance with a planet. In this Letter, we report that the nearly-polar transneptunian object (471325), nicknamed Niku, is in a 7:9 resonance with Neptune, with a mean lifetime in resonance of 16 +- 11 million years. While entrance and exit in the 7:9 resonance is caused by close encounters with Neptune the resonant configuration provides a temporary protection mechanism against disruptive close encounters with this planet. The other nearly polar transneptunian objects do not seem to be in resonance with the planets with the possible exception of 2008 KV42, also known as Drac, that has a small chance of being in the 8:13 resonance with Neptune.