Certified randomness in quantum physics

TL;DR

This paper reviews the development and challenges of device-independent quantum methods for generating certified randomness, which do not depend on device assumptions and are crucial for cryptography and simulations.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the current state, efforts, and challenges in designing device-independent quantum randomness generators.

Findings

Device-independent methods enable certified randomness without device assumptions.

Quantum technologies offer new avenues for secure randomness generation.

Challenges include practical implementation and ensuring security against adversaries.

Abstract

The concept of randomness plays an important role in many disciplines. On one hand, the question of whether random processes exist is fundamental for our understanding of nature. On the other hand, randomness is a resource for cryptography, algorithms and simulations. Standard methods for generating randomness rely on assumptions on the devices that are difficult to meet in practice. However, quantum technologies allow for new methods for generating certified randomness. These methods are known as device-independent because do not rely on any modeling of the devices. Here we review the efforts and challenges to design device-independent randomness generators.