Thermodynamic Framework for Compact q-Gaussian Distributions

TL;DR

This paper develops a thermodynamic framework for systems of particles with short-range interactions described by nonextensive entropy, extending previous models to include a broader class of physical systems and defining an effective temperature.

Contribution

It generalizes the thermodynamic scheme for interacting particle systems with nonextensive entropy to cover a wider range of interactions and provides a complete thermodynamic description including Carnot cycle and response functions.

Findings

Defined an effective temperature conjugate to the entropy $s_{ u}$

Constructed a Carnot cycle with efficiency depending on effective temperatures

Derived thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations, and response functions

Abstract

Recent works have associated systems of particles, characterized by short-range repulsive interactions and evolving under overdamped motion, to a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation within the class of nonextensive statistical mechanics, with a nonlinear diffusion contribution whose exponent is given by $\nu=2-q$. The particular case $\nu=2$ applies to interacting vortices in type-II superconductors, whereas $\nu>2$ covers systems of particles characterized by short-range power-law interactions, where correlations among particles are taken into account. In the former case, several studies presented a consistent thermodynamic framework based on the definition of an effective temperature $\theta$ (presenting experimental values much higher than typical room temperatures $T$, so that thermal noise could be neglected), conjugated to a generalized entropy $s_{\nu}$ (with $\nu=2$). Herein, the whole thermodynamic scheme is revisited and extended to systems of particles interacting repulsively, through short-ranged potentials, described by an entropy $s_{\nu}$, with $\nu>1$, covering the $\nu=2$ (vortices in type-II superconductors) and $\nu>2$ (short-range power-law interactions) physical examples. The main results achieved are: (a) The definition of an effective temperature $\theta$ conjugated to the entropy $s_{\nu}$; (b) The construction of a Carnot cycle, whose efficiency is shown to be $\eta=1-(\theta_2/\theta_1)$, where $\theta_1$ and $\theta_2$ are the effective temperatures associated with two isothermal transformations, with $\theta_1>\theta_2$; (c) Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations, and response functions. The present thermodynamic framework, for a system of interacting particles under the above-mentioned conditions, and associated to an entropy $s_{\nu}$, with $\nu>1$, certainly enlarges the possibility of experimental verifications.