AGILE detection of a candidate gamma-ray precursor to the ICECUBE-160731 neutrino event

TL;DR

This paper reports the detection of a gamma-ray precursor to a neutrino event by AGILE, suggesting a possible astrophysical source, with no concurrent detections from other observatories.

Contribution

The study presents the first AGILE detection of a gamma-ray transient potentially associated with a high-energy neutrino event, highlighting a new multi-messenger observation.

Findings

Detected a gamma-ray excess 1-2 days before the neutrino event

Identified a new transient source AGL J1418+0008 in the error region

No other observatories reported coincident transient emission

Abstract

On July 31st, 2016, the ICECUBE collaboration reported the detection of a high-energy starting event induced by an astrophysical neutrino. We report here about the search for a gamma-ray counterpart of the ICECUBE-160731 event made with the AGILE satellite. No detection was found spanning the time interval of +/- 1 ks around the neutrino event time T0 using the AGILE "burst search" system. Looking for a possible gamma-ray precursor in the results of the AGILE-GRID automatic Quick Look procedure over predefined 48-hours time-bins, we found an excess above 100 MeV between one and two days before T0, positionally consistent with the ICECUBE error circle, having a post-trial significance of about 4 sigma. A refined data analysis of this excess confirms a-posteriori the automatic detection. The new AGILE transient source, named AGL J1418+0008, thus stands as possible ICECUBE-160731 gamma-ray precursor. No other space missions nor ground observatories have reported any detection of transient emission consistent with the ICECUBE event. We show that Fermi-LAT had a low exposure of the ICECUBE region during the AGILE gamma-ray transient. Based on an extensive search for cataloged sources within the error regions of ICECUBE-160731 and AGL J1418+0008, we find a possible common counterpart showing some of the key features associated to the high-energy peaked BL Lac (HBL) class of blazars. Further investigations on the nature of this source using dedicated SWIFT ToO data are presented.