Laser beam imaging from the speckle pattern of the off-axis scattered intensity

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel method for localizing laser beams by analyzing speckle patterns from off-axis scattered light, using multiple camera groups to improve accuracy and robustness against particle cloud uncertainties.

Contribution

It introduces a new laser localization algorithm based on speckle pattern analysis and demonstrates its effectiveness with numerical simulations in maritime atmospheric conditions.

Findings

Two camera groups suffice for small or large particles.

Three or more groups improve robustness to particle uncertainties.

The method enables accurate laser localization in complex scattering environments.

Abstract

We study the inverse problem of localization (imaging) of a laser beam from measurements of the intensity of light scattered off-axis by a Poisson cloud of small particles. Starting from the wave equation, we analyze the microscopic coherence of the scattered intensity and show that it is possible to determine the laser beam from the speckle pattern captured by a group of CCD cameras. Two groups of cameras are sufficient when the particles are either small or large with respect to the wavelength. For general particle sizes the accuracy of the laser localization with two groups of cameras is subject to knowing the scattering properties of the cloud. However, three or more groups of cameras allow accurate localization that is robust to uncertainty of the type, size, shape and concentration of the particles in the cloud. We introduce a novel laser beam localization algorithm and give some numerical illustrations in a regime relevant to the application of imaging high energy lasers in a maritime atmosphere.