Magnetic-field-induced 1st order transition to FFLO state at paramagnetic limit in 2D superconductors

TL;DR

This paper reports calorimetric evidence of a first-order transition to the FFLO superconducting state at the paramagnetic limit in 2D superconductors, aligning with theoretical predictions and suggesting multiple FFLO phases.

Contribution

It provides the first direct calorimetric observation of a first-order transition into the FFLO state in 2D superconductors and compares experimental results with theoretical models.

Findings

Observation of a high-field FFLO state with higher entropy and paramagnetism.

Evidence for transitions between different FFLO states of varying order parameters.

Calorimetric confirmation of a first-order phase transition into the FFLO state in two 2D organic superconductors.

Abstract

We have recently reported the first direct calorimetric observation of a magnetic-field-induced first-order phase transition into a high-field FFLO superconducting state at the Clogston-Chandrasekar `Pauli' paramagnetic limit $H_p$ in a 2D superconductor $\kappa-{\textrm{(BEDT-TTF)}}_2{\textrm{Cu}}{\textrm{(NCS)}}_2$. The high-field state is both higher entropy and strongly paramagnetic, as thermodynamically required for the FFLO state. Here we compare our results with theoretical predictions for the field dependence of the high-field FFLO state in the 2D limit, revealing tentative evidence for transitions between FFLO states of differing order parameter. We also present calorimetric evidence for a 1st order phase transition into the FFLO state for a second 2D organic superconductor: ${\beta}^{\prime\prime}-{\textrm{(BEDT-TTF)}}_2{\textrm{SF}}_5{\textrm{(CH)}}_2{\textrm{(CF)}}_2{\textrm{(SO)}}_3$.