Spin-1 Bose-Hubbard model with two- and three-body interactions

TL;DR

This paper explores the ground state phases of a one-dimensional spin-1 Bose-Hubbard model with two- and three-body interactions, revealing how these interactions influence phase transitions and symmetry properties.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the effects of three-body interactions on the phase diagram and symmetry breaking in the spin-1 Bose-Hubbard model using DMRG.

Findings

Even-odd asymmetry depends on interaction ratios

Mott lobes are spin isotropic with specific patterns

Quantum phase transition can be continuous or discontinuous

Abstract

We investigated the ground state of spin-1 bosons interacting under local two- and three-body interactions in one dimension by means of the density matrix renormalization group method. We found that the even-odd asymmetry will be obtained or not depending on the relative values of the two- and three-body interactions. The Mott insulator lobes are spin isotropic, the first showing a dimerized pattern and the second being composed of singlets. The three-body interactions disfavor a longitudinal polar superfluid and a quantum phase transition to a transverse polar superfluid occurs, which could be continuous or discontinuous.