Estimating proton beam energy spread using Bragg peak measurement

TL;DR

This study presents a method to estimate proton beam energy spread by analyzing Bragg peak measurements and correlating shape parameters with Monte Carlo simulations, improving accuracy in proton therapy beam characterization.

Contribution

The paper introduces a novel approach combining experimental measurements and Monte Carlo simulations to estimate proton beam energy spread from Bragg peak analysis.

Findings

Bragg peak shape parameters correlate with penetration range for monoenergetic beams.

Small field size or divergence causes proximal Bragg peak deformation, but distal shape remains stable.

Estimated energy spread of the proton beam was 0.56 MeV, matching Monte Carlo predictions.

Abstract

230 MeV proton beam out of a cyclotron was delivered into a Zebra multi layered IC detector (IBA) calibrated in terms of penetration range in water. The analysis of the measured Bragg peak determines penetration range in water which can be subsequently converted into proton beam energy using Range-Energy tables. We extended this analysis to obtain an estimate of the beam energy spread out of the cyclotron. Using Monte Carlo simulations we established the correlation between Bragg peak shape parameters (width at 50% and 80% dose levels, distal falloff) and penetration range for a monoenergetic proton beam. Then we studied how this correlation changes when the shape of Bragg peak is distorted by the beam focusing conditions. We found that small field size or diverging beam cause Bragg peak deformation predominantly in the proximal region. The distal shape of the renormalized Bragg peaks stays nearly constant. This excludes usage of Bragg peak width parameters for energy spread estimates. The measured Bragg peaks had an average distal falloff of 4.86mm, which corresponds to an effective range of 35.5cm for a monoenergetic beam. The 32.7cm measured penetration range is 2.8cm less. Passage of a 230 MeV proton beam through a 2.8cm thick slab of water results in a 0.56 MeV energy spread. As a final check, we confirmed agreement between shapes of the measured Bragg peak and one generated by Monte-Carlo code for proton beam with 0.56 MeV energy spread.