Effect of compressibility and aspect ratio on performance of long elastic seals

TL;DR

This study combines analytical and computational methods to explore how seal length, aspect ratio, and compressibility influence the maximum pressure seals can withstand, providing insights into fracture tendencies at the seal ends.

Contribution

It introduces a Saint-Venant type shear lag analytical solution for compressible seals with large aspect ratios, validated against finite element simulations, to predict fracture tendencies.

Findings

Analytic solution agrees with finite element results away from seal ends.

Far-field stress measures correlate with crack energy release rates.

Coupled analysis predicts fracture initiation points based on seal geometry and material properties.

Abstract

Recent experiments show no statistical impact of seal length on the performance of long elastomeric seals in relatively smooth test fixtures. Motivated by these results, we analytically and computationally investigate the combined effects of seal length and compressibility on the maximum differential pressure a seal can support. We present a Saint-Venant type analytic shear lag solution for slightly compressible seals with large aspect ratios, which compares well with nonlinear finite element simulations in regions far from the ends of the seal. However, at the high- and low-pressure ends, where fracture is observed experimentally, the analytic solution is in poor agreement with detailed finite element calculations. Nevertheless, we show that the analytic solution provides far-field stress measures that correlate, over a range of aspect ratios and bulk moduli, the calculated energy release rates for the growth of small cracks at the two ends of the seal. Thus a single finite element simulation coupled with the analytic solution can be used to determine tendencies for fracture at the two ends of the seal over a wide range of geometry and compressibility. Finally, using a hypothetical critical energy release rate, predictions for whether a crack on the high-pressure end will begin to grow before or after a crack on the low-pressure end begins to grow are made using the analytic solution and compared with finite element simulations for finite deformation, hyperelastic seals.