Origin of low surface brightness galaxies: A dynamical study

TL;DR

This study investigates the stability of low surface brightness galaxies' discs, finding they are more stable than high surface brightness galaxies, with dark matter halos playing a key role in their stability and low star formation rates.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of disc stability in LSBs using the Q_RW parameter, highlighting the importance of dark matter in their stability and star formation suppression.

Findings

LSBs have higher median Q_RW^{min} values than HSBs, indicating greater disc stability.

Dark matter halos significantly influence disc stability in LSBs.

Disc stability in LSBs is mainly regulated by dark matter, affecting galaxy formation models.

Abstract

Low Surface Brighness Galaxies (LSBs), inspite of being gas rich, have low star formation rates and are, therefore, low surface brightness in nature. We calculate Q$_{\rm{RW}}$, the 2-component disc stability parameter as proposed by Romeo \& Wiegert (2011), as a function of galactocentric radius $R$ for a sample of five LSBs, for which mass models, as obtained from HI 21cm radio-sythesis observations and R-band photometry, were available in the literature. We find that the median value of Q$_{\rm{RW}}^{\rm{min}}$, the minimum of Q$_{\rm{RW}}$ over $R$, lies between 2.6 and 3.1 for our sample LSBs, which is higher than the median value of 1.8 $\pm$ 0.3 for Q$_{\rm{RW}}^{\rm{min}}$ for a sampleof high surface brightness galaxies (HSBs) as obtained in earlier studies. This clearly shows that LSBs have more stable discs than HSBs, which could explain their low star formation rates and, possibly, their low surface brightness nature. Interestingly, the calculated values of Q$_{\rm{RW}}$ decrease only slightly (median Q$_{\rm{RW}}^{\rm{min}}$ $\sim$ 2.3 - 3) if the discs were taken to respond to the gravitational potential of the dark matter halo only, but reduce by $\sim$ a factor of 2-3 (median Q$_{\rm{RW}}^{\rm{min}}$ $\sim$ 0.7 - 1.5) if they respond to their self-gravity alone. This implies that the dark matter halo is crucial in regulating disc stability in LSBs, which may have important implications for models of galaxy formation and evolution.