Recent advances in high-contrast metastructures, metasurfaces and photonic crystals

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent progress in high-contrast metastructures, metasurfaces, and photonic crystals, highlighting their physical connections, design methods, and diverse applications in advanced photonic devices.

Contribution

It provides a unified theoretical framework linking HCMs, metasurfaces, and photonic crystals, and discusses new physical insights and innovative design approaches.

Findings

Physical connection between PhC band structures and HCM spectra

Novel HCM-based holograms and spatial light modulators

Comparison of applications in broadband mirrors and reconfigurable optics

Abstract

In the recent decade, the research field using arrays of high-index-contrast near-wavelength dieletric structures on flat surfaces, known as high-contrast metastructures (HCMs) or metasurfaces, has emerged and expanded rapidly. Although the HCMs and metasurfaces share great similarities in physical structures with photonic crystals (PhCs), i.e. periodic nanostructures, many differences exist in their design, analysis, operation conditions, and applications. In this paper, we provide a generalized theoretical understanding of the two subjects and show their intrinsic connections. We further discuss the simulation and design approaches, categorized by their functionalities and applications. The similarity and differences between HCMs, metasurfaces and PhCs are also discussed. New findings are presented regarding the physical connection between the PhC band structures and the 1D and 2D HCM scattering spectra under transverse and longitudinal tilt incidence. Novel designs using HCMs as holograms, spatial light modulators, and surface plasmonic couplers are discussed. Recent advances on HCMs, metasurfaces and PhCs are reviewed and compared for applications such as broadband mirrors, waveguides, couplers, resonators, and reconfigurable optics.