Simple Countermeasures to Mitigate the Effect of Pollution Attack in Network Coding Based Peer-to-Peer Live Streaming
Attilio Fiandrotti, Rossano Gaeta, Marco Grangetto

TL;DR
This paper proposes simple, effective countermeasures for pollution attacks in network coding peer-to-peer live streaming, improving resilience and maintaining video quality during attacks.
Contribution
It introduces a novel recombination and decoding scheme based on packet age and early pollution detection to mitigate pollution attacks.
Findings
Pollution countermeasures nearly cancel attack effects
Short generations improve recovery of clean data
Experimental results show maintained video quality
Abstract
Network coding based peer-to-peer streaming represents an effective solution to aggregate user capacities and to increase system throughput in live multimedia streaming. Nonetheless, such systems are vulnerable to pollution attacks where a handful of malicious peers can disrupt the communication by transmitting just a few bogus packets which are then recombined and relayed by unaware honest nodes, further spreading the pollution over the network. Whereas previous research focused on malicious nodes identification schemes and pollution-resilient coding, in this paper we show pollution countermeasures which make a standard network coding scheme resilient to pollution attacks. Thanks to a simple yet effective analytical model of a reference node collecting packets by malicious and honest neighbors, we demonstrate that i) packets received earlier are less likely to be polluted and ii) short…
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