Fully discrete finite element data assimilation method for the heat equation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a fully discrete finite element method for reconstructing the final state of the heat equation with unknown initial data, utilizing stabilization and Carleman estimates for optimal error bounds.

Contribution

The paper develops a novel finite element discretization with regularization for data assimilation in the heat equation, providing rigorous error analysis and stability results.

Findings

Optimal error estimates in the energy norm

Convergence rate matches classical problems away from t=0

No faster convergence in L2-norm at final time compared to classical case

Abstract

We consider a finite element discretization for the reconstruction of the final state of the heat equation, when the initial data is unknown, but additional data is given in a sub domain in the space time. For the discretization in space we consider standard continuous affine finite element approximation, and the time derivative is discretized using a backward differentiation. We regularize the discrete system by adding a penalty of the $H^1$-semi-norm of the initial data, scaled with the mesh-parameter. The analysis of the method uses techniques developed in E. Burman and L. Oksanen, Data assimilation for the heat equation using stabilized finite element methods, arXiv, 2016, combining discrete stability of the numerical method with sharp Carleman estimates for the physical problem, to derive optimal error estimates for the approximate solution. For the natural space time energy norm, away from $t=0$, the convergence is the same as for the classical problem with known initial data, but contrary to the classical case, we do not obtain faster convergence for the $L^2$-norm at the final time.