A Schema for Duality, Illustrated by Bosonization

TL;DR

This paper introduces a formal schema for describing dualities in physical theories, exemplified through the exact bosonization duality in two-dimensional quantum field theory, highlighting its novelty and broader applicability.

Contribution

It develops a precise schema for duality, illustrated with the exact boson-fermion duality, including cases of isomorphic and non-isomorphic models, advancing understanding of dualities.

Findings

The schema provides a more precise criterion for duality.

Bosonization is an exact duality, unlike many approximate dualities.

The example includes both isomorphic and non-isomorphic models.

Abstract

In this paper we present a schema for describing dualities between physical theories (Sections 2 and 3), and illustrate it in detail with the example of bosonization: a boson-fermion duality in two-dimensional quantum field theory (Sections 4 and 5). The schema develops proposals in De Haro (2016, 2016a): these proposals include construals of notions related to duality, like representation, model, symmetry and interpretation. The aim of the schema is to give a more precise criterion for duality than has so far been considered. The bosonization example, or boson-fermion duality, has the feature of being simple yet rich enough to illustrate the most relevant aspects of our schema, which also apply to more sophisticated dualities. The richness of the example consists, mainly, in its concern with two non-trivial quantum field theories: including massive Thirring-sine-Gordon duality, and non-abelian bosonization. This prompts two comparisons with the recent literature on dualities:--- (a) Unlike the standard cases of duality in quantum field theory and string theory, where only specific simplifying limits of the theories are explicitly known, the boson-fermion duality is known to hold exactly. This exactness can be exhibited explicitly. (b) The bosonization example illustrates both the cases of isomorphic and non-isomorphic models: which we believe the literature on dualities has not so far discussed.