The mass dependence of dark matter halo alignments with large-scale structure

TL;DR

This study investigates how the intrinsic alignment of dark matter haloes depends on their mass, combining simulations and observations to understand the scaling behavior and its implications for galaxy formation and large-scale structure.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical prediction for the mass dependence of intrinsic alignments and compares it with simulation and observational data, revealing a discrepancy at high and low masses.

Findings

Simulation results agree with the theoretical power-law prediction with slope ~0.36.

Observational data shows a higher slope of ~0.56, indicating possible additional physical effects.

Discrepancies suggest missing physics in models or simulations at mass extremes.

Abstract

Tidal gravitational forces can modify the shape of galaxies and clusters of galaxies, thus correlating their orientation with the surrounding matter density field. We study the dependence of this phenomenon, known as intrinsic alignment (IA), on the mass of the dark matter haloes that host these bright structures, analysing the Millennium and Millennium-XXL $N$-body simulations. We closely follow the observational approach, measuring the halo position-halo shape alignment and subsequently dividing out the dependence on halo bias. We derive a theoretical scaling of the IA amplitude with mass in a dark matter universe, and predict a power-law with slope $\beta_{\mathrm{M}}$ in the range $1/3$ to $1/2$, depending on mass scale. We find that the simulation data agree with each other and with the theoretical prediction remarkably well over three orders of magnitude in mass, with the joint analysis yielding an estimate of $\beta_{\mathrm{M}} = 0.36^{+0.01}_{-0.01}$. This result does not depend on redshift or on the details of the halo shape measurement. The analysis is repeated on observational data, obtaining a significantly higher value, $\beta_{\mathrm{M}} = 0.56^{+0.05}_{-0.05}$. There are also small but significant deviations from our simple model in the simulation signals at both the high- and low-mass end. We discuss possible reasons for these discrepancies, and argue that they can be attributed to physical processes not captured in the model or in the dark matter-only simulations.