Solitary potentials in a three component space plasma

TL;DR

This paper investigates solitary wave solutions in a magnetized, collisionless three-component space plasma with superthermal electrons, deriving various KdV-type equations to analyze their properties and effects of plasma parameters.

Contribution

It introduces a higher order nonlinear equation (fmK-dV) to accurately describe solitary waves near critical heavy ion densities in such plasmas.

Findings

Solitary wave speed, amplitude, and width are significantly affected by plasma parameters.

Both compressive and rarefactive solitons are supported by KdV and fmK-dV equations.

mK-dV solitons support only compressive structures.

Abstract

The heavy ion acoustic solitary waves (HIASWs) in a magnetized, collisionless, three component space plasma system in the presence of dynamical heavy particles and bi-kappa distributed two distinct temperature of electrons has been carried out. The Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV), the modified K-dV (mK-dV), and the further mK-dV (fmK-dV) equations are derived by employing the well known reductive perturbation method. The basic features of HIASWs (speed, amplitude, width etc.) are found to be significantly modified by the effects of number density of plasma species, superthermal electrons with two distinct temperatures and the magnetic field (obliqueness). The K-dV and fm-KdV solitons exhibit both compressive and rarefactive structures, whereas the mK-dV solitons support only compressive structures. In order to trace the vicinity of the critical heavy ion density, neither the magnetized KdV nor magnetized mKdV equation is suitable for describing the HIASWs. Therefore, we have considered a higher order nonlinearity to describe the solitary profiles by deriving fmK-dV equation. The implication of our results in some space and laboratory plasma situations are concisely discussed.