Concentration in the flux approximation limit of Riemann solutions to the extended Chaplygin gas equations

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the formation of delta shocks in the flux approximation limit of Riemann solutions to the extended Chaplygin gas equations, revealing how solutions converge to delta-shocks or contact discontinuities as pressure vanishes.

Contribution

It rigorously demonstrates the convergence of Riemann solutions to delta-shocks or contact discontinuities in the flux approximation limit of the extended Chaplygin gas equations.

Findings

Two-shock solutions tend to delta-shocks as pressure vanishes.

Two-rarefaction solutions tend to contact discontinuities or vacuums.

Solutions converge to delta-shocks when pressure approaches Chaplygin pressure.

Abstract

In this paper, two kinds of occurrence mechanism on the phenomenon of concentration and the formation of delta shock wave in the flux approximation limit of Riemann solutions to the extended Chaplygin gas equations are analyzed and identified. Firstly, the Riemann problem of the extended Chaplygin gas equations is solved completely. Secondly, we rigorously show that, as the pressure vanishes, any two-shock Riemann solution to the extended Chaplygin gas equations tends to a $\delta$-shock solution to the transport equations, and the intermediate density between the two shocks tends to a weighted $\delta$-measure that forms the $\delta$-shock; any two-rarefaction-wave Riemann solution to the extended Chaplygin gas equations tends to a two-contact-discontinuity solution to the transport equations, and the nonvacuum intermediate state between the two rarefaction waves tends to a vacuum state. At last, we also show that, as the pressure approaches the generalized Chaplygin pressure, any two-shock Riemann solution tends to a delta-shock solution to the generalized Chaplygin gas equations.