Realizing Majorana zero modes in superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures

TL;DR

This paper reviews the progress in realizing Majorana zero modes in superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures, highlighting experimental signatures, material advances, and future quantum computing prospects.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of current experimental and theoretical developments in topological superconductivity within superconductor-semiconductor systems.

Findings

Robust experimental signatures of Majorana zero modes identified

Material science advancements have improved system quality

Next-generation experiments will explore non-Abelian statistics

Abstract

Realizing topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes in the laboratory is one of the major goals in condensed matter physics. We review the current status of this rapidly-developing field, focusing on semiconductor-superconductor proposals for topological superconductivity. Material science progress and robust signatures of Majorana zero modes in recent experiments are discussed. After a brief introduction to the subject, we outline several next-generation experiments probing exotic properties of Majorana zero modes, including fusion rules and non-Abelian exchange statistics. Finally, we discuss prospects for implementing Majorana-based topological quantum computation in these systems.