Predicting Structures in the Zone of Avoidance

TL;DR

This paper uses constrained realizations of the local Universe to predict and analyze structures in the Zone of Avoidance, successfully matching observations and revealing the presence of the Vela supercluster behind Galactic dust.

Contribution

It introduces a novel application of constrained realizations to model the ZOA, linking theoretical predictions with observational data to identify large-scale structures.

Findings

Structures persist in constrained realizations but not in random ones.

Probability distribution of overdense regions shows large tails in constrained case.

Predictions align with observations, confirming the Vela supercluster behind the Galactic dust.

Abstract

The Zone of Avoidance (ZOA), whose emptiness is an artifact of our Galaxy dust, has been challenging observers as well as theorists for many years. Multiple attempts have been made on the observational side to map this region in order to better understand the local flows. On the theoretical side, however, this region is often simply statistically populated with structures but no real attempt has been made to confront theoretical and observed matter distributions. This paper takes a step forward using constrained realizations of the local Universe shown to be perfect substitutes of local Universe-like simulations for smoothed high density peak studies. Far from generating completely `random' structures in the ZOA, the reconstruction technique arranges matter according to the surrounding environment of this region. More precisely, the mean distributions of structures in a series of constrained and random realizations differ: while densities annihilate each other when averaging over 200 random realizations, structures persist when summing 200 constrained realizations. The probability distribution function of ZOA grid cells to be highly overdense is a Gaussian with a 15% mean in the random case, while that of the constrained case exhibits large tails. This implies that areas with the largest probabilities host most likely a structure. Comparisons between these predictions and observations, like those of the Puppis 3 cluster, show a remarkable agreement and allow us to assert the presence of the, recently highlighted by observations, Vela supercluster at about 180 Mpc/h, right behind the thickest dust layers of our Galaxy.