Higher dimensional Steinhaus and Slater problems via homogeneous dynamics

TL;DR

This paper extends the three gap theorem to higher dimensions using homogeneous dynamics, showing that the number of gaps can be unbounded for almost all parameters and linking it to the Littlewood conjecture.

Contribution

It introduces a higher-dimensional variant of the Steinhaus problem and proves unbounded gaps using ergodic theory, improving previous results by Boshernitzan, Dyson, and Bleher.

Findings

Number of gaps is unbounded for almost all parameters.

Established a connection with the Littlewood conjecture.

Applied methods to return times in higher-dimensional tori.

Abstract

The three gap theorem, also known as the Steinhaus conjecture or three distance theorem, states that the gaps in the fractional parts of $\alpha,2\alpha,\ldots, N\alpha$ take at most three distinct values. Motivated by a question of Erd\H{o}s, Geelen and Simpson, we explore a higher-dimensional variant, which asks for the number of gaps between the fractional parts of a linear form. Using the ergodic properties of the diagonal action on the space of lattices, we prove that for almost all parameter values the number of distinct gaps in the higher dimensional problem is unbounded. Our results in particular improve earlier work by Boshernitzan, Dyson and Bleher et al. We furthermore discuss a close link with the Littlewood conjecture in multiplicative Diophantine approximation. Finally, we also demonstrate how our methods can be adapted to obtain similar results for gaps between return times of translations to shrinking regions on higher dimensional tori.