Unsteady Stokes flow near boundaries: the point-particle approximation and the method of reflections

TL;DR

This paper improves and validates a point-particle approximation method for unsteady Stokes flows near boundaries, compares it with the method of reflections, and provides numerical predictions relevant for nanoparticle systems.

Contribution

The authors address and fix inconsistencies in Felderhof's point-particle approximation framework for unsteady Stokes flows, validating it through systematic derivations and comparisons.

Findings

The modified framework passes previous consistency checks.

The point-particle approximation's success is linked to the unsteady Oseen tensor.

Numerical predictions show significance for metallic nanoparticles near boundaries.

Abstract

Problems of particle dynamics involving unsteady Stokes flows in confined geometries are typically harder to solve than their steady counterparts. Approximation techniques are often the only resort. Felderhof (see e.g. 2005, 2009b) has developed a point-particle approximation framework to solve such problems, especially in the context of Brownian motion. Despite excellent agreement with past experiments, this framework has an inconsistency which we address in this work. Upon implementing our modifications, the framework passes consistency checks that it previously failed. Further, it is not obvious that such an approximation should work for short time-scale motion. We investigate its validity by deriving it from a general formalism based on integral equations through a series of systematic approximations. We also compare results from the point-particle framework against a calculation performed using the method of reflections, for the specific case of a sphere near a full-slip plane boundary. We find from our analysis that the reasons for the success of the point-particle approximation are subtle and have to do with the nature of the unsteady Oseen tensor. Finally, we provide numerical predictions for Brownian motion near a full-slip and a no-slip plane wall based on the point-particle approximation as used by Felderhof, our modified point-particle approximation, and the method of reflections. We show that our modifications to Felderhof's framework would become significant for systems of metallic nanoparticles in liquids.