Walk algebras, distinguished subexpressions, and point counting in Kac-Moody flag varieties

TL;DR

This paper explores the algebraic and geometric structures of Kac-Moody flag varieties, establishing connections between walk algebras, distinguished subexpressions, and point counting over finite fields, with applications to Macdonald polynomials.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of oriented bases in Hecke algebras for Kac-Moody systems and links algebraic bases to geometric point counts in flag varieties.

Findings

Number of points over finite fields relates to change of basis coefficients.

Derived Deodhar's formula for R-polynomials.

Provided point-counting formulas for Macdonald polynomial specializations.

Abstract

We study walk algebras and Hecke algebras for Kac-Moody root systems. Each choice of orientation for the set of real roots gives rise to a corresponding "oriented" basis for each of these algebras. We show that the notion of distinguished subexpression naturally arises when studying the transition matrix between oriented bases. We then relate these notions to the geometry of Kac-Moody flag varieties and Bott-Samelson varieties. In particular, we show that the number of points over a finite field in certain intersections of these varieties is given by change of basis coefficients between oriented bases of the Hecke algebra. Using these results we give streamlined derivations of Deodhar's formula for $R$-polynomials and point-counting formulas for specializations of nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials $E_\lambda(\mathsf{q},t)$ at $\mathsf{q}=0,\infty$.