Cosmological wheel or the arrow of time: A classical versus quantum perspective of gravity

TL;DR

This paper explores the concept of the arrow of time in the universe, proposing that while local observations suggest a linear flow, a quantum perspective indicates a closed loop of time, with implications for understanding cosmology and gravity.

Contribution

It introduces a quantum perspective on the arrow of time within an $f(R)$ gravity model, contrasting local linearity with a global closed loop structure.

Findings

Local observations show an arrow of time from past to future.

Quantum scale analysis suggests a closed loop of time.

Implications for future cosmological observations.

Abstract

It is shown that the structures in the universe can be interpreted to show a closed wheel of time, rather than a straight arrow. An analysis in $f(R)$ gravity model has been carried out to show that due to local observations a small arc at any given spacetime point would invariably indicate an arrow of time from past to future, though on a quantum scale it is not a linear flow but a closed loop, a fact that can be examined through future observations.