Investigation of inter-grain critical current density in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d superconducting wires and its relationship with the heat treatment protocol

TL;DR

This study examines how different heat treatment stages affect the superconducting properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d wires, focusing on grain boundary oxygenation and its impact on inter-grain critical current density.

Contribution

It establishes a detailed relationship between heat treatment protocols, grain boundary oxygenation, and superconducting performance, highlighting the importance of controlled oxygenation for optimizing inter-grain Jc.

Findings

Grain boundary oxygenation begins early and is enhanced by specific heat treatments.

Post annealing in oxygen improves inter-grain critical current density.

Grains reach optimal doping during crystallization, with overdoping achieved in subsequent treatments.

Abstract

In this work we investigate the effect of each different heat treatment stage in the fabrication of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d superconducting wires on intra-grain and inter-grain superconducting properties. We measure magnetic critical temperature Tc values and transport critical current density Jc at temperatures from 4 K to 40 K and in fields up to 7 T. From an analysis of the temperature dependence of the self-field critical current density Jc(T) that takes into account weak link behavior and proximity effect, we study the grain boundaries (GB) transparency to supercurrents and we establish a relationship between GB oxygenation in the different steps of the fabrication process and the GB transparency to supercurrents. We find that grain boundary oxygenation starts in the first crystallization stage, but it becomes complete in the plateau at 836 {\deg}C and in slow cooling stages, and is further enhanced in the prolonged post annealing step. Such oxygenation makes GBs more conducting, thus improving the inter-grain Jc value and temperature dependence. On the other hand, from the inspection of the Tc values in the framework of the phase diagram dome, we find that grains are oxygenated already in the crystallization step up to the optimal doping, while successive slow cooling and post annealing treatments further enhance the degree of overdoping, especially if carried out in oxygen atmosphere rather than in air.