Hybrid Discontinuous Galerkin methods with relaxed H(div)-conformity for incompressible flows. Part I

TL;DR

This paper introduces a relaxed $H( ext{div})$-conformity in hybrid discontinuous Galerkin methods for incompressible flows, achieving optimal superconvergence and pressure-robustness with fewer unknowns per facet.

Contribution

It proposes a novel relaxation of $H( ext{div})$-conformity in HDG methods, enabling optimal superconvergent solutions with reduced computational complexity.

Findings

Achieves pointwise divergence-free solutions.

Restores pressure-robustness with a reconstruction operator.

Demonstrates optimal error convergence in numerical tests.

Abstract

We propose a new discretization method for the Stokes equations. The method is an improved version of the method recently presented in [C. Lehrenfeld, J. Sch\"oberl, Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 361 (2016)] which is based on an $H(\operatorname{div})$-conforming finite element space and a Hybrid Discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) formulation of the viscous forces. $H(\operatorname{div})$-conformity results in favourable properties such as pointwise divergence free solutions and pressure-robustness. However, for the approximation of the velocity with a polynomial degree $k$ it requires unknowns of degree $k$ on every facet of the mesh. In view of the superconvergence property of other HDG methods, where only unknowns of polynomial degree $k-1$ on the facets are required to obtain an accurate polynomial approximation of order $k$ (possibly after a local post-processing) this is sub-optimal. The key idea in this paper is to slightly relax the $H(\operatorname{div})$-conformity so that only unknowns of polynomial degree $k-1$ are involved for normal-continuity. This allows for optimality of the method also in the sense of superconvergent HDG methods. In order not to loose the benefits of $H(\operatorname{div})$-conformity we introduce a cheap reconstruction operator which restores pressure-robustness and pointwise divergence free solutions and suits well to the finite element space with relaxed $H(\operatorname{div})$-conformity. We present this new method, carry out a thorough $h$-version error analysis and demonstrate the performance of the method on numerical examples.