Self-hybridization within non-Hermitian plasmonic systems

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how non-Hermitian plasmonic systems exhibit self-hybridization due to spatial symmetry breaking, providing both theoretical and experimental evidence of strong mode coupling in silver nano-crosses.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of self-hybridization in non-Hermitian plasmonic systems, highlighting how spatial symmetry breaking enables observable effects without energy loss compensation.

Findings

Experimental evidence of mode coupling in silver nano-crosses

Theoretical analysis of symmetry conditions for self-hybridization

Observation of non-Hermiticity effects in localized plasmonic systems

Abstract

Common intuition in physics is based on the concept of orthogonal eigenmodes. Those are well de- fined solutions of Hermitian equations used to describe many physical situations, from quantum mechanics to acoustics. A large variety of non-Hermitian problems, including gravitational waves close to black holes or leaky electromagnetic cavities require the use of bi-orthogonal eigenbasis. Physical consequences of non-Hermiticity challenge our physical understanding. However, the usual need to compensate for energy losses made the few successful attempts to probe non-Hermiticity extremely complicated. We show that this issue can be overcome considering localized plasmonic systems. Indeed, since the non-Hermiticity in these systems does not stem from from temporal invariance breaking but from spatial symmetry breaking, its consequences can be observed more easily. We report on the theoretical and experimental evidence of non-Hermiticity induced strong coupling between surface plasmon modes of different orders within silver nano-crosses. The sym- metry conditions for triggering this counter-intuitive self-hybridization phenomenon are provided. Similarly, observable effects are expected to be observed in any system subtending bi-orthogonal eigenmodes.