First Principles Modeling of Mn(II) Migration above and Dissolution from Li(x)Mn(2)O(4) (001) Surfaces

TL;DR

This study uses first principles modeling to understand Mn(II) migration and dissolution from Li(x)Mn(2)O(4) surfaces, revealing complex mechanisms that impact battery stability and guiding improved design strategies.

Contribution

It provides detailed mechanistic insights into Mn(II) migration and dissolution processes on spinel cathode surfaces using density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations.

Findings

Mn(II) migration involves complex concerted motions.

Proton-induced weakening of Mn-O bonds facilitates Mn(II) release.

Mn(II) can promote decomposition of the organic SEI components.

Abstract

Density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are applied to investigate the migration of Mn(II) ions to above-surface sites on spinel Li(x)Mn(2)O(4) (001) surfaces, the subsequent Mn dissolution into the organic liquid electrolyte, and the detrimental effects on graphite anode solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) passivating films after Mn(II) ions diffuse through the separator. The dissolution mechanism proves complex, the much-quoted Hunter disproportionation of Mn(III) to form Mn(II) is far from sufficient. Key steps that facilitate Mn(II) loss include concerted liquid/solid-state motions, proton-induced weakening of Mn-O bonds forming mobile OH- surface groups, and chemical reactions of adsorbed decomposed organic fragments. Mn(II) lodged between the inorganic Li(2)CO(3) and organic lithium ethylene dicarbonate (LEDC) anode SEI components facilitates electrochemical reduction and decomposition of LEDC. These findings help inform future design of protective coatings, electrolytes, additives, and interfaces.