PHL 6625: A Minor Merger-Associated QSO Behind NGC 247

TL;DR

This paper presents multiwavelength observations of PHL 6625, a QSO behind NGC 247, revealing it as part of a minor merger system rather than a lens, with detailed estimates of galaxy and black hole masses.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed case study of a QSO involved in a minor merger, combining spectroscopic and imaging data across multiple wavelengths.

Findings

PHL 6625 is part of a minor merger system with a companion galaxy.

The QSO's black hole mass is estimated at (2-5) x 10^8 M_sun.

The system is analogous to Arp 142, a known minor merger with a QSO.

Abstract

PHL 6625 is a luminous quasi-stellar object (QSO) at z = 0.3954 located behind the nearby galaxy NGC 247 (z = 0.0005). Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations revealed an arc structure associated with it. We report on spectroscopic observations with the Very Large Telescope (VLT) and multiwavelength observations from the radio to the X-ray band for the system, suggesting that PHL 6625 and the arc are a close pair of merging galaxies, instead of a strong gravitational lens system. The QSO host galaxy is estimated to be (4-28) x 10^10 M_sun, and the mass of the companion galaxy of is estimated to be M_* = (6.8 +/- 2.4) x 10^9 M_sun, suggesting that this is a minor merger system. The QSO displays typical broad emission lines, from which a black hole mass of about (2-5) x 10^8 M_sun and an Eddington ratio of about 0.01-0.05 can be inferred. The system represents an interesting and rare case where a QSO is associated with an ongoing minor merger, analogous to Arp 142.