Response of exact solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation to small perturbations in a class of complex external potentials having supersymmetry and parity-time symmetry

TL;DR

This paper investigates how small perturbations affect exact solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with complex, parity-time symmetric potentials, using variational and numerical methods to analyze stability and dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a variational approximation based on a dissipation functional for analyzing perturbations in PT-symmetric nonlinear Schrödinger equations, validated by numerical simulations.

Findings

Variational approximation aligns well with numerical results at small to moderate parameters.

Dissipation functional formalism is equivalent to the generalized traveling wave method.

The approach effectively captures the response of solutions to perturbations.

Abstract

We discuss the effect of small perturbation on nodeless solutions of the nonlinear \Schrodinger\ equation in 1+1 dimensions in an external complex potential derivable from a parity-time symmetric superpotential that was considered earlier [Phys.~Rev.~E 92, 042901 (2015)]. In particular we consider the nonlinear partial differential equation $\{ \, \rmi \, \partial_t + \partial_x^2 + g |\psi(x,t)|^2 - V^{+}(x) \, \} \, \psi(x,t) = 0$, where $V^{+}(x) = \qty( -b^2 - m^2 + 1/4 ) \, \sech^2(x) - 2 i \, m \, b \, \sech(x) \, \tanh(x)$ represents the complex potential. Here we study the perturbations as a function of $b$ and $m$ using a variational approximation based on a dissipation functional formalism. We compare the result of this variational approach with direct numerical simulation of the equations. We find that the variational approximation works quite well at small and moderate values of the parameter $b m$ which controls the strength of the imaginary part of the potential. We also show that the dissipation functional formalism is equivalent to the generalized traveling wave method for this type of dissipation.