Exploring Potential Signatures of QGP in UHECR Ground Profiles

TL;DR

This study investigates whether the formation of Quark Gluon Plasma during ultra high energy cosmic ray interactions leaves detectable signatures in ground profiles, finding potential signals at specific energies and conditions that current detectors cannot yet observe.

Contribution

It is the first to analyze the potential observable signatures of QGP formation in UHECR ground profiles and identifies conditions where detection might be feasible in future experiments.

Findings

Observable QGP signals are rare but possible in deeply penetrating showers.

Potential detection of QGP signatures at 100 PeV energy and 12 km interaction height.

Current detectors like Pierre Auger cannot observe these signals yet.

Abstract

In this work we explore the possibility that the formation of Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) during the first interactions of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) may result in observable signatures in ground profile and shower particle composition that could conceivably be detectable by an air shower array experiment such as the Pierre Auger Observatory. Knowledge of whether QGP formation affects the properties of UHECR development will further the understanding of both UHECR behavior and high energy hadronic interaction behavior. We find that for the vast majority of showers signals of QGP do not manifest themselves in ways that are observable, but on rare occasion, such as within deeply penetrating showers, observable signals can be seen. Results show potential for QGP detection at 100 PeV initial energy at an initial interaction event height of 12 km through a $\mu^{\pm}$ excess at 10 GeV between 100 - 300 m from the shower core favoring QGP forming events. In contrast, higher initial interaction heights of 24 and 36 km at 100 PeV initial energy show no significant potential for QGP detection. Unfortunately at present, the 12 km observable signals cannot be seen with current detectors, such as the Pierre Auger Observatory[1]; however, there may be potential for detection in future experiments.