Hyperons in the pasta phase

TL;DR

This study explores the conditions under which hyperons, especially $ ext{Λ}$ and $ ext{Σ}^-$, can appear in the nuclear pasta phase, finding they occur in very small amounts influenced by density, temperature, and electron fraction.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of hyperon presence in the pasta phase, highlighting their minimal abundances and the conditions favoring their appearance.

Findings

Hyperons appear more with higher density, temperature, and lower electron fraction.

$ ext{Λ}$ hyperons are only in the gas phase and in very small amounts.

$ ext{Σ}^-$ hyperons are negligible in the pasta phase.

Abstract

We have investigated under which conditions hyperons (particularly $\Lambda$s and $\Sigma^-$s) can be found in the pasta phase. The larger the density and the temperature and the smaller the electron fraction the higher the probability that these particles appear but always in very small amounts. $\Lambda$-hyperons only occur in the gas and in smaller amounts than would occur if matter were homogeneous, never with abundancies above 10$^{-5}$. The amount of $\Sigma^-$ in the gas is at least two orders of magnitude smaller and can be disregarded in practical calculations.