Efficient universal quantum channel simulation in IBM's cloud quantum computer

TL;DR

This paper presents a scalable quantum algorithm for simulating universal single-qubit channels, experimentally demonstrated on IBM's cloud quantum computer, revealing insights into quantum capacity and noise effects on information transmission.

Contribution

It introduces a universal quantum channel simulation method based on linear combination of unitaries, experimentally validated on IBM's quantum hardware, advancing quantum communication research.

Findings

Quantum capacity varies with different channels, indicating noise effects on information protection.

Experimental results align with theoretical predictions, validating the proposed algorithm.

The method is scalable to higher dimensions, enabling broader quantum channel studies.

Abstract

The study of quantum channels is the fundamental field and promises wide range of applications, because any physical process can be represented as a quantum channel transforming an initial state into a final state. Inspired by the method performing non-unitary operator by the linear combination of unitary operations, we proposed a quantum algorithm for the simulation of universal single-qubit channel, described by a convex combination of 'quasiextreme' channels corresponding to four Kraus operators, and is scalable to arbitrary higher dimension. We demonstrate the whole algorithm experimentally using the universal IBM cloud quantum computer and study properties of different qubit quantum channels. We illustrate the quantum capacity of the general qubit quantum channels, which quantifies the amount of quantum information that can be protected. The behaviour of quantum capacity in different channels reveal which types of noise processes can support information transmission, and which types are too destructive to protect information. There is a general agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experiments, which strongly supported our method. By realizing arbitrary qubit channel, this work provides a universal way to explore various properties of quantum channel and novel prospect of quantum communication.