# Trapping atoms with radio-frequency adiabatic potentials

## TL;DR

This paper reviews radio-frequency dressed atom trapping, focusing on adiabatic potentials, their formation, manipulation, and practical considerations for trapping atoms at microkelvin temperatures.

## Contribution

It provides a comprehensive, didactic overview of adiabatic potentials in radio-frequency atom trapping, including models, effects of polarization, and practical implementation issues.

## Key findings

- Detailed models of electromagnetic fields for atom traps
- Analysis of polarization and orientation effects on adiabatic potentials
- Discussion of practical challenges like noise and harmonic effects

## Abstract

In this chapter we review the field of radio-frequency dressed atom trapping. We emphasise the role of adiabatic potentials and give simple, but generic models of electromagnetic fields that currently produce traps for atoms at microkelvin temperatures and below. The paper aims to be didactic and starts with general descriptions of the essential ingredients of adiabaticity and magnetic resonance. As examples of adiabatic potentials we pay attention to radio-frequency dressing in both the quadrupole trap and the Ioffe-Pritchard trap. We include a description of the effect of different choices of radio-frequency polarisation and orientations or alignment. We describe how the adiabatic potentials, formed from radio-frequency fields, can themselves be probed and manipulated with additional radio-frequency fields including multi-photon-effects. We include a description of time-averaged adiabatic potentials. Practical issues for the construction of radio-frequency adiabatic potentials are addressed including noise, harmonics, and beyond rotating wave approximation effects.