# Partial inertia induces additional phase transition in the explosive majority vote model

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how partial inertia in the majority-vote model induces additional phase transitions, revealing complex behaviors like coexistence of phases and the impact of network topology on transition nature.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel partial inertia mechanism in the majority-vote model and analyzes its effects on phase transitions across different network structures.

## Key findings

- Partial inertia induces additional phase transitions.
- Small and intermediate inertia lead to explosive transitions.
- Large restriction sustains discontinuous transitions mainly in heterogeneous networks.

## Abstract

Recently it has been aroused a great interest about explosive (i.e., discontinuous) transitions. They manifest in distinct systems, such as synchronization in coupled oscillators, percolation regime, absorbing phase transitions and more recently, in the majority-vote (MV) model with inertia. In the latter, the model rules are slightly modified by the inclusion of a term depending on the local spin (an inertial term). In such case, Chen et al. (Phys Rev. E {5}, 042304 (2017)) have found that relevant inertia changes the nature of the phase transition in complex networks, from continuous to discontinuous. Here we give a further step by embedding inertia only in vertices with degree larger than a threshold value $\langle k \rangle k^*$, $\langle k \rangle$ being the mean system degree and $k^*$ the fraction restriction. Our results, from mean-field analysis and extensive numerical simulations, reveal that an explosive transition is presented in both homogeneous and heterogeneous structures for small and intermediate $k^*$'s. Otherwise, large restriction can sustain a discontinuous transition only in the heterogeneous case. This shares some similarity with recent results for the Kuramoto model (Phys Rev. E {91}, 022818 (2015)). Surprisingly, intermediate restriction and large inertia are responsible for the emergence of an extra phase, in which the system is partially synchronized and the classification of phase transition depends on the inertia and the lattice topology. In this case, the system exhibits two phase transitions.