Sequential Edge-Epitaxy in 2D Lateral Heterostructures

TL;DR

This paper introduces a scalable method for creating atomically sharp, multi-junction lateral heterostructures in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides by sequential edge-epitaxy controlled through reactive gas environments.

Contribution

It presents a novel, simple approach for fabricating complex lateral heterostructures with controlled composition and width using sequential edge-epitaxy and reactive gas modulation.

Findings

High crystallinity of monolayers confirmed by atomic-resolution imaging.

Seamless lateral connectivity between different TMD domains demonstrated.

Method allows selective growth of MoX2 or WX2 based on water vapor control.

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) heterojunctions display a remarkable potential for application in high performance, low power electro-optical systems. p-n junctions based on vertically stacked heterostructures have shown very promising performance as tunneling transistors, light emitting devices and photodetectors, and as photovoltaic cells . Although complex vertical heterostructures were fabricated via van der Waals stacking of different 2D materials, atomically sharp multi-junctions in lateral heterostructures is a quite challenging task, but a viable route towards the development of commercial applications. Previously reported approaches to obtain single-junction lateral heterostructures of the type MoX2-WX2 (X= S and/or Se), involve either a single-step or a two-step growth process. However, these methods lack the flexibility to control the lateral width of the TMD domain as well as its composition. Here, we report a simple and yet scalable synthesis approach for the fabrication of lateral multi-junction heterostructures based on the combination of different TMD monolayers [MoX2-WX2 (X2 = S2, Se2 or SSe)]. Atomically sharp lateral junctions are sequentially synthesized from solid precursors by changing only the reactive gas environment in the presence of water vapor. This allows to selectively control the water-induced oxidation, volatilization and hence the relative amount of a specific metal oxide vapor, leading to the selective edge-epitaxial growth of either MoX2 or WX2. Spatially dependent photoluminescence and atomic-resolution images confirm the high crystallinity of the monolayers and the seamless lateral connectivity between the different TMD domains. These findings could be extended to other families of 2D materials, and creates the foundation towards the development of complex and atomically thin in-plane super-lattices, devices and integrated circuits.