# Electronic bandstructure and optical gain of lattice matched III-V dilute nitride bismide quantum wells for 1.55 $\mu$m optical communication systems

## TL;DR

This study investigates the electronic bandstructure and optical gain of lattice-matched GaNBiAs quantum wells for 1.55 μm optical communication, highlighting how composition and thickness influence their optical properties.

## Contribution

It presents a detailed theoretical analysis of GaNBiAs quantum wells using a 16-band k·p model, incorporating impurity interactions and optimizing parameters for 1.55 μm emission.

## Key findings

- The 6.3 nm GaN₃Bi₅.17As₉₁.83 QW shows optimal performance for 1.55 μm emission.
- Well thickness affects the spectral width of gain curves.
- Carrier density variations influence maximum and differential gain.

## Abstract

Dilute nitride bismide GaNBiAs is a potential semiconductor alloy for near- and mid-infrared applications, particularly in 1.55 $\mu$m optical communication systems. Incorporating dilute amounts of Bismuth (Bi) into GaAs reduces the effective bandgap rapidly, while significantly increasing the spin-orbit-splitting energy. Additional incorporation of dilute amounts of Nitrogen (N) helps to attain lattice matching with GaAs, while providing a route for flexible bandgap tuning. Here we present a study of the electronic bandstructure and optical gain of the lattice matched GaN$_x$Bi$_y$As$_{1-x-y}$/GaAs quaternary alloy quantum well (QW) based on the 16-band k$\cdot$p model. We have taken into consideration the interactions between the N and Bi impurity states with the host material based on the band anticrossing (BAC) and valence band anticrossing (VBAC) model. The optical gain calculation is based on the density matrix theory. We have considered different lattice matched GaNBiAs QW cases and studied their energy dispersion curves, optical gain spectrum, maximum optical gain and differential gain; and compared their performances based on these factors. The thickness and composition of these QWs were varied in order to keep the emission peak fixed at 1.55 $\mu$m. The well thickness has an effect on the spectral width of the gain curves. On the other hand, a variation in the injection carrier density has different effects on the maximum gain and differential gain of QWs of varying thicknesses. Among the cases studied, we found that the 6.3 nm thick GaN$_3$Bi$_{5.17}$As$_{91.83}$ lattice matched QW was most suited for 1.55 $\mu$m (0.8 eV) GaAs-based photonic applications.