# Braneworld wormholes supported by astrophysical observations

## TL;DR

This paper explores the properties of traversable wormholes within the DGP braneworld scenario, constrained by current astrophysical data, revealing conditions under which such wormholes can exist and the role of dark energy.

## Contribution

It provides the first observationally constrained analysis of braneworld wormholes supported by astrophysical data in modified gravity frameworks.

## Key findings

- Wormholes open at 2σ confidence level with combined astrophysical data.
- Exotic matter can be classified into four types during cosmic evolution.
- Dark energy or space--time curvature effects support wormhole structures.

## Abstract

In this study, we investigate the characteristics and properties of a traversable wormhole constrained by the current astrophysical observations in the framework of modified theories of gravity (MOG). As a concrete case, we study traversable wormhole space--time configurations in the Dvali--Gabadadze--Porrati (DGP) braneworld scenario, which are supported by the effects of the gravity leakage of extra dimensions. We find that the wormhole space--time structure will open in terms of the $2\sigma$ confidence level when we utilize the joint constraints supernovae (SNe) Ia + observational Hubble parameter data (OHD) + Planck + gravitational wave (GW) and $z<0.2874$. Furthermore, we obtain several model-independent conclusions, such as (i) the exotic matter threading the wormholes can be divided into four classes during the evolutionary processes of the universe based on various energy conditions; (ii) we can offer a strict restriction to the local wormhole space--time structure by using the current astrophysical observations; and (iii) we can clearly identify a physical gravitational resource for the wormholes supported by astrophysical observations, namely the dark energy components of the universe or equivalent space--time curvature effects from MOG. Moreover, we find that the strong energy condition is always violated at low redshifts.